West Stow Camp Diary

Our third camp of the summer was based in the reconstructed Anglo-Saxon village at West Stow which forms part of a country park in a former area of gravel extraction and landfill. The re-constructed village is based upon evidence gained from excavations carried out by Stanley West between 1965 and 1972 which revealed the presence of an early Saxon settlement. Since the end of the excavation programme the site has been a centre for experimental archaeology and the continuing development of the understanding of how the Saxons lived.

Controlled tapping of the wedges Splitting green oak with wedges

Working with 20 young people from the Bury and Mildenhall areas the focus of the week was to be Saxon in character. Cooking would follow Saxon recipes; crafts such as spinning and dyeing would follow Saxon techniques and smithing and bread making would use the forge and bread oven within the village.

The Anglo-Saxon Forge

Introduction to the Saxon forge Heating the blanks prior to shaping with a hammer

The staff at West Stow were also keen to explore some of the post hole plans representing unexplained structures on the site. Although excavated at the time they received little attention in post excavation reports so the opportunity to explore one of these post hole groups seemed both exciting and beneficial to all. A major part of the week would therefore be the planning and building of what was thought to be a possible smokehouse. We would use evidence from the village plus information gathered from other experiments and working examples in Scandinavia.

Such was the plan! It was August after all and on Monday we arrived to a persistent drizzle which by Tuesday evening had strengthened to torrential rain pushed through by gale force winds. Shelters were blown apart, equipment soaked and our timetable went out the window. Our main aim was to keep dry so activities were scaled down and we worked inside the village houses. Still we had learned one thing…Saxon houses were warm and weatherproof!

Natural Dyeing and Spinning

Dyeing wool Collecting dye plants Producing the dye bath
The dyed wool is left to dry Some vibrant colours from local plants Spinning wool with a spindle

On Thursday afternoon the weather improved slightly in that the rain, although still heavy, was falling in showers so a few of the team were persuaded to leave the warmth and security of the houses and come out to help with the smokehouse. With time short we decided to push on with a smaller version of our original and to simplify the design to a basic turf covered tepee with an igloo like entrance. Not exactly what was intended but we felt it was important for the group to have a sense of satisfaction in having a finished structure.

Building the Smoke House

Initial planning based on evidence from West Stow Not put off by the weather conditions work on the smoke house frame continued Testing knapped flint knife
Turf cut on site to roof the building Constructing the stokehole The finished result
Robs attempts to give up smoking lead to desperation Once the structure was warm smoke was drawn in to the main chamber Fish and beef hung for smoking

By mid morning on Friday we were ready to start a fire and hang beef and fish in the main chamber for smoking. The lack of access was an obvious problem. A door at the back would save someone having to crawl in through the stokehole! Getting the fire to draw was initially difficult but a few small holes poked in the turf at the back sorted this and once the structure got warm it worked very well. And what of the food? It was still being smoked when I left that evening so it has yet to be tried. I will keep you informed!